By
Shirin Lutfeali, Yasmin Sitabkhan and Wendi Ralaingita
Numeracy has received limited attention in discussions around school quality in the early grades, despite evidence that strong early math skills not only predict later academic achievement but may also predict literacy skills, making a case for spending equal time on both math and literacy skills from the very beginning.
Early math achievement is linked to later life outcomes, including secondary school graduation, and earning potential. With the proliferation of technology and STEM-related careers, and the need for strong skills in data interpretation and problem solving, having a strong early math foundation has implications for 21st-century careers more now than ever before.

This guide offers suggestions to policy makers, donors, and implementers for how to effectively design and manage foundational numeracy at scale.
Evidence is presented from high income countries and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where available and relevant, and potential solutions
are discussed for challenges across three areas: curriculum and standards, teachers and teaching, and teaching and learning materials.
The guide concludes with a discussion of areas where more research is needed.
The Science of Teaching math modules cover the teaching and learning of six key concepts in early numeracy.
This guidance is intended to help decision-makers such as program implementers and ministry officials understand and make decisions about adopting and incorporating materials for early grade math programs. It also provides information for curriculum and materials developers and teacher trainers, who play a key role in ensuring that materials are used appropriately to support children’s learning. The guidance is presented in two parts. This first part provides general information on the selection and use of materials, including print materials, concrete and pictorial math models, and education technology. The second part provides more in-depth information about manipulatives and pictorial models that are commonly used in math programs.
The summary brief summarizes some of the key points about manipulatives discussed in part 1 of the Materials Guidance.